Turbine.



J. H. BOLI'I'HO.

TURBINE- APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 4. 190a, ,O23, I Patented July 6, 1909. 5 SHEETS-SHEET 1. 55 6 4 3 77 dig;

J. H. BOLITHD.

, TUBBINE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 4. 1908.

Patented July 6, 1909.

5SHIIETB-BHEIIT a.

6% zaW/at 7% Wm i. H. BOLITHO.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED 8E1'T.4. 1908. I 927,023 Patented July-6, 1909.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

J. H. BOLITHO.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPTA. 1908.

Patented M 6, 1909.

BHEETSSHBET 4. ya,

ym wm J. H. BOLITHO.

Patented July 6, 1909.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

pipe 18 and a pressure-indicator 20 is mounted (11 and communicates with the interior of said pipe. The end plate or disk 15 is formed with a hub or oss 21 on its center and projecting into the chamber described; A cylinder of circular form 22 is provided and comprises a rim, an integral head and a flange. The cylinder 22 preferably is of the same interior diameter as the pressure cham her and the flange of said cylinder is secured to the peripheral portion of the disk 15 by belts in any desired manner. The head of the cylinder is formed with hubs or bosses 23, 24 on its .center and projecting outward and .inward respectively. .The bosses or hubs 21,

23 and 24 are bored to form bearings and a shaft 25 is mounted for rotation therein. The hub 23 is exteriorly threaded and a gland or stufling box 26 is mounted thereon and surrounds the shaft 25. A bearing 27 is mounted on the base 10 and theshaft 25 passes through 'said bearing and carries a pulley,28 on its outer end portion. Any desired means of power; transmission may be substituted for the pulley 23. I Art exhaust pipe 29 leads from the cylinder'22. iA 'n oilpipe 30 is mounted through the rim 17 and extends through the pressure chamber to and communicates with the bearing in the hub or boss 21. A washer 31 is mounted loosely on the shaft 25 in contact with the face of the disk 15 toward the cylinder 22 and a piston 32 is mounted onisaid shaft within the cylinder. The piston 32 is formed with a hub 33 adapted for engagdment with the hub 24: and said hub on the piston is secured to the shaft 25 preferably y a set screw 34. It is the function of the contacting hubs 33 and 24 to take the end thrust of the piston 32 and shaft 25, in the single engine. The piston 32 is formed with an annular row of ports 35 concentric with and adjacent-its periihery. The piston is of cylindrical form an of approximately the same diameter as the cylinder 22. The ports 35 cross the piston 32 from end to end and form angles of approximately sixty degrees with the plane ends of the piston. The ports 35 are of any desired cross-section, round, square or as-=desired and preferably are of uniform diameter throughout except they are enlarged in one direction at their initial ends (Figs. 4 and 8) that they may take motive fluid almost continuously. A plurality of annular rows of the parts 35 may be provided if desired, said ports trending in the same inclination to the faces or ends of the piston. The disk 15 is formed with an annular row of ports 36 concentric with its periphery. The row of ports 36 is directly opposite the row of ports 35, and at times said ports register at their adjacent ends. The ports 36 extend obliquely through the disk 15 from end to end and are at angles of approximately sixty degrees to the ends of desired cross-section.

said disk.

36 preferably are of less diameter than he.

ports 35 and said ports 35 and 36 may di er in number if desired.

As thus far described the engine is of a simple, single, one-way type and is operated by the admission of motive fluid, either steam, air or water, through the pipe 18, under control of the valve -19, to the chest or pressure chamber, and thepassage of said fluid in jet form through theports 36, 35, the cylinder 22 and the exhaust 29. In passing through the ports 36, the jets of motive fluid impact-with the walls of the ports 35, and, on account of the different inclination of: the latter ports, revolves the piston in the directioh of the arrow a in Fig. 8. The end thrust of the shaft andpiston is taken up by the contacting shoulders or hubs 24, 33 and the motion of the piston and shaft is transmitted throughthe pulley 28, or other device substituted therefor.

It is desirable to provide for reversing the motion of the shaft 25 and to thatv end an annular row of ports 37 (Figs. 5 and 6) is formed in the piston 32 concentric with the row of ports 35. The ports 37 incline opposite to the ports 35 and extend through the piston ffom end to end, and at angles of a )proximately sixty degrees to the ends of t ie piston. The initial ends of the ports 37 are enlarged in one direction similarly to that of the ports 35. The ports 37 are of any The disk 15 also is formled with an annular centric with the annular row of ports 36. The row of ports 38 is directly opposite the row of ports 37 and at times said p'orts register at their adjacent; ends. The ports 38 extend obliquely through the disk 15 from end to end and are at angles of approximately sixty degrees to the ends of the disk. 'The inclination of the ports 38 isopposite that of the ports 37. The ports 38 are preferably of less diameter than the ports 37 and may differ in number therefrom if desired. A valve 30 is mounted within the chest or pressure chamber and is ournaled fxn rotation on the boss or hub 21. One face of the valve 39 is ground to fit an adjacent ground face of the disk 15 and the diameter of the valve is adjusted closely to the inner diameter of the chest or pressure chamber, so that the joint between contacting faces of the valve and disk is fluid-tight. An annular row of ports 40 is formed in the valve 39 concentric with and adjacent to the periphery of said valve. The ports 40 incline n the same direction as the ports 36. The row 'of ports 40 is directly opposite the row of ports 36 and at times said ports register attheir adjacent ends. An annular row of ports 41 is formed in the valve 39 concentric with the row of ports 40. The row of porls ii is directly opposite the The inclination of the ports 36 row of ports 38 con- 7 mass ' at diinntetrically optposite points and screws 114, 45 are'moun te through said slots and seated in'the disk 15. A reach arm 46 is pivoted 'a'tits-inner end on astud 47 on the valve 39 and 'extendsthrough a stuffing box 4:8 in one sideoH-he chest or pressure cham her. The outer end arm 46 is pivoted to a ever '49 fulcrumed on a bracket 50 fixed to the outside of the rim 17. The lever 49 is provided with detent devices 51 adsa ted to engage a quadrant 52 its carried by the racket and rim 1-7. The

orts 40 and 41 are so arranged that their inner ends, adapted to register with the ports'36, 38, are not on the same radial lines, and, therefore, when't-heports 4G register Wlth'thO ports fithe ports 41 areout of registration with the ports 38. The valve can be adjustedflby manipulation of the lever 49, so that the ports 40,36 and 35 register (see Fig. 4) and the motive fluid passes through them and drives the piston.

32 in one direction, which may be termed full-use ahead, forthe reason that-said ports are the nearest to the periphery of the piston and. the motive fluid passing through them exerts the maximum of its force and volume.

Or, the valve can be adjusted, by reverse movement of the lever49, so that the ports 40,

'36 and 35 are out of registration (see Fig. 7

and the'ports 41, 38 and-37 are in registration (see Fig.6), at which time-the motive fluid passesthrough'theports 41, 38', '37 and drives thepiston 32 in a reverse direction. In the adjustment of the valve 39, by the lever 49, thereis a eriod atwhich the assage of the motive uid-through the dis '15 might be cut oil by the valve. This condition is not desirable in that it would cause the entire pressure of the fluid to be applied to "the valve and create too "great friction between said valve and the disk for con- .venient n'tanipula'tion. -I"=have provided,

therefore, a plurality of ports 53 in the valve '39, which ports are-lathe same row as the ports 40 but less in number preferably not-exceeding one-half'that-of the orts 40 or 36. The ports 53 incline in tie same direction as the orts 10 and-register at times'withsome o the ports 36. W hen the valve 39 is adjusted'to cutoththei assage' through the ports 46, 36 and 35, an before opening the passage "through "the ports '41, 38 and 37, passage is opened through the ports 53, part of 'the'ports 36 and the ports 35 (see Fig. 10) and the motive fluid passes tli'roug'h'them and drivesthe piston 32 with ortio'n of the reach,

the same speed in the forward direction, in what may be termed reduced-use ahead. The engine may be operated at full-use ahead, reduced-use ahead and at reverse, according to the adjustment of the valve. The s eed, in either direction may be controllec by the throttle valve 19.

In Figs. 13, 14 and, 15 I have illustrated the application of the same units to the construction of a double-acting engine in which the parts are duplicated, as will be indicated by the use of the same designating numerals with the addition of the index fa. There are some differences .of construction, however, Whichwill now be pointed out. Instead of the end plate 13 another ported disklii is employed and the ingress pipe 18 enters through the top of the rim 17 and the pressure indicator 20 is mounted on the rim instead of on the pipe. Another difference is to be found. in the threading of the ends of the hubs 21 and the mountmg thereon of a tube 54, which tube surrounds and is spaced from the shaft 25 and 'formsanoil chamber adapted to be supplied through the pipe 30. The tube 54 has the additional function of connecting the central, portions of the disks 15 and reventing any spreading thereof" that won (1 disturb the stcanrtight contact of the valves 39 therewith, and to protect the shaft from chamber. p

In Figs. 16 and 17 I have illustrated the pressure of motive fluidin the application of the same units to the construction of a double-acting com ound e11- .glne In which the parts are dup lcatcd, as

will be indicated by the use of the same this ignating numerals with the addition of the index b. Thereare some differences of eonstruction, however, which will, now bepointed out. Another pressure chamber composed of a rim 17 and disk 15. and supplied with a piston 32 and valve 39 with their appurtenances, is mounted betweenfthe pistons 32 and the cylinders 22. Each of the pressure chambers added is also provided with a pressure indicator 20. All of the pistons are secured to a common shaft 25". In the operationof'the double, compound en-- glue the motive 'fluid, preferably steam in this instance, passes both ways from thepressure chamber and drives the pistons 32*, then expands in the pressure chambers within the rims l7 and passes through and drives the pistons 32 and then exhausts through the cylinders 22 and exhaust pi cs 29 'I'nthe use of either form 0 engine there is a'preexpansio'n in the-initial pressure chamher or chest prior to the application of the .fluid to the piston or pistons. This pree'x' pans'i'on may he'illustrated by presuming the use oi 'steam as motive fluid and a boiler pres sure of two hundred pounds. It may be necessary to use only 'eigh'typoundspressure to drive the engine with a given load;

that event the passage of steam to the pressure chamber would be throttled by the valve 1.9 to such extent that when the preexpansion takes place the pressure in the chamber would be eighty pounds, effective pressure.

An oil hole 33 is formed in each .boss 33 and piston 32 for the purpose of leading oil to the bearing of the piston hub 33 on the hub 24.

Assuming that full pressure, from the source of supply, less the preexpansion of expansive fluids in thepressure c iambcr, is necessary to overcome inertia and attain desired speed in the engine, when such speed is attained through the use of all thegoahead ports in the disk and valve, the pressure can be reduced or throttled by the valve' 19 to a material degree, tlrus effecting a saving of motive fluid and a conse uent saving in the means 'of producing such uid, such as fuel andlabor. Such reduction or throttling of the motive fluid pressure might result in an undesirable rcducti on of speed of the engine if all the go-ahead ports of the disk or disks 15 were left open on account of the too ra id use of motivefluid. If, however, the va ve 39 is adjusted to median position simultaneous with the throttling of pressure, the use of motive fluid, in respect of quantity, would be correspondingly reduced. At the same time the pressure in the chamber would be maintained at the same degree or increased slightly through such non-use and the velocity of the fluid through the remaining 0 en ports in the disk or disks 15 would be su licient to maintain the desired speed of the engine. It is not velocity alone that im els the iston in the assage of motive fluid throug 1 the ports 0 the disk and impact or pressure t iereof in the ports of the piston. In addition to such velocity as may e present, there is an impelling force in the ressure of the motive fluid obliquely in passmg through the ports of the piston, and there is a further pressure in the expansion of exansive fluids in the ports in the piston of arger diameter than the )orts of the disk.

The ports 35 may be lined with tubes 35" adapted to take the wear of friction with the motive fluid and protect the bridges between the ports.

I claim as my invention 1. A turbine engine, comprising a pressure chamber, means for supplying motive lluid to said chamber, one wall of said chamber formed with an annular row of. ports, each of said ports circular in cross-section and extending through said wall obliquely, a shaft journalcd axially of said wall, a piston on said shaft, said piston formed with. an annular row of ports opposite to and of greater diameter than the row of ports in the wall and inclined opposite thereto each of the ports in the piston circular in cross-sectimi, throughout a major portion of its length and enlarged in one direction only at one end, a cylinder inclosing said piston, said shaft journaled in said cylinder, and means of exhaust from said cylinder.

2. In a urbine engine, a stationary disk formed with an annular row of ports, each of said ports circularin cross-section and inclined relative to the shortest line throu h said disk and of uniform diameter throughout, and a piston'formed with a row of ports opposite to and of greater diameter than the row of ports in the disk, each of the ports in the piston circular in cross-section and inclined relative to the shortest line through said piston and opposite to the inclination of the port imtlie disk, each piston port enlarged in one direction. only at one end.

A turbine engine, comprising a pressure chamber, means for supplying motive fluid to said chamber, one wall of said chamber formed with a plurality of ,rows'of ports each port circular in cross -s'e'ction, a cylinder, a shaft journaled in the wall and cylinder, a piston on the shaft within the cylinder, said piston formed with a plurality of rows of ports opposite the rows of ports in the wall,

the ports in opposing rows inclined oppositely and adapted to register at times at their adjacent ends, the ports in the cylinder circular in cross-section and of lar er diameter than the ports in the wall, anr means of exhaust from said cylinder.

4. A turbine engine, comprising a pressure chamber, means for supplying motive fluid to said chamber, one wall of said chamber formed with a plurality of rows of ports each port circular in. cross-section and of uniform diameter throughout, the ports in one row inclined opposite to an inclination of the ports of another row, a cylinder, a shaft journaled in said wall and cylinder, a piston on said shaft, said piston formed with a plurality of rows of inclined ports opposite to the rows of ports in the wall, the ports in one row in the piston inclined opposite to an inclination of p the ports of another row in the piston, the ports of op osing rows inclined oppositely and ad apted to register at times at adjacent ends, the ports in the piston circular in crosssection and of less diameter than the ports in the wall, and means for exhaust from said cylinder, together with .a. valve controlling passage through said ports.

5. A turbine engine, comprising a pressure chamber, means for supplying motive fluid to said chamber, a disk forming one wall of said chamber, said disk formed with a plurality of rows of ports each port circular in cross-section and of uniform diameter throughout, the ports in one row inclined opposite to an inclin ation of the ports of another row, a cylin-' der, a shaft journaled in the disk and cylinder, a piston on said shaft, said piston formed with a plurality of rows of inclined ports eir;

culer in cross-secti0n end of less diameter than and opposite to the rows of ports in the disk, the ports in one row in the piston inclined opposite to an inclination of the ports of one ther row in the piston, the ports of op posing rows inclined oppositely and oriented to register at times at adjacent ends, a Volvo mounted in the pressure chumher, said valve formed "with annular rows of ports opposite the rows 0E ports in" the disk end staggered relative thereto each portin the VELlVGflI'Olh lar 1n cross-section end inclined tl'ircughtlie valve, means for adjusting said valve to open and close different rows of ports in. the d islit, and means for exhaust from said cylinder.

6. A turbine engine, comprising c pressure chamber, means for supplying motive fluid to said chamber/opposite wells said chamber formed of disks, each disk formed with on on nuler row of ports, escli wort Cll'CllllTlljfl cross section end of uniform iemeter throughout and extendin oblique-1y through it dislr, e cylinder on the opposite side of catch dis-l from'tlie chamber, :1 shaft journsled in said cylinders and disks, pistons on said shaft in each cylinder, said) pistons eecli formed with an annular row of ports circular in cross-sec tion and of less diameter than and opoosite to the row of ports in the adjacent disk, the ports in the disks nclined opposite escli. other, the ports in the pistons inclined. err-po site the inclination of the ports in adjacent disks, and means of exhaust from the cylinders.

7. A turbine engine, comprising a, pressure clmmher, mesns for supplying motiv c tluid to said chamber, ojiposite Walls of said clic doorv formed of disks, each. disk formed with plurality of rows of ports extending obliquely through the disk, the per in one row inclined oppositely to the ports in the, silver row, opposite rows of ports being inclin oppositely, valves in. the pressure chandler controlling said rows of ports, :1 cy der on the opposite side of each. d'sl: from the pressure chamber, e shaft journeled in. said cylinders and disks, pistons on crud elicit each cylinder, each piston formed with an annular row of ports opposite esch row of ports in the disks, the orts in the pistons inclined opposite the inc motion of the ports in adjacent disks and adapted to register adjacent ends, the ports in the second Well of grcetei disineter than the ports in the first Well and the ports in the second piston of diameter than the ports 1n the first piston, sndlnieens of exhaust from ssid 9h A turbine engine, coniprlsing pressure inbers uniform dismeter arranged in es, disks in stud chambers arranged in .es, cylinders arranged st terminal disks, :1

elicit journeled in the disl s end cylinders, I)l' '-()I1e on send shaft within successive ure chop were and cylinders, medics for ying the initial chamber with motive u .l, inesnsoi exhaust from the cylinders, the disks endhpistens formed With oppositely inclined ports arranged in opposite enrolls-r re s, the ports in each piston of greater disr then the coinr uniceting POILS in the ad acent disk, the ports in t (llf: luv-plied to register st tunes with ports in e pr 'on ct cd- 321cc ends, the ports circular in dross-section d increesing in diameter serially throughout the severel disks and pistons.

10. 'turhinecr 1c, comprising e central n-essure chum-her. inecns tor supplying Inotive iluid to ssid cheinlier, opposite alls of n cer formed disks; each disk formed with s.- nlurs v of rows cl ports errtending obliquely through the disk, the ports in one row i the other row, onpc e rows of, ports being inclined. oppositely, valves in sird pressure ulna/inner controlling said rows cl ports, secondary pressure chambers on the opposite side each dish from the central presciu'e c-licinher, disks forming the 0p nesite Wells of the eecondsry pressure cl1cmeach disk formed with 2L plurality of rows of no; extending obliquely through the disk, the ports one row inclined oppositely to the in the other row in each dish, cylinders on opposite sides of the v.

swcondsr disks .trom'tlie secondary pressure clicnihere, valves in the secondary pressure cleemhers controlling the ports in the secondary disks, as elicit journeled in said cylinders end disks, pistons on said shaft within the secondary pressure chambers and cylinders, eecli piston formed with an annular row of ports opposite each row cl certs in; tlic dis'kc, the ports in the pistons inclined opposite the inclination of the ports in scent disks and adopted to register at times at adjacent ends, and means of exhaust from the cylinders.

11, it. turbine engine, comprising s pressure chamber, one Well of said chamber formed of a disk, a cylinder fixed to said disk, hubs on said disk and cylinder, a shaft journaled in said hubs, means for lubricating the ournals of the shaft in the hubs, a piston on the shaft within the cylinder, a hub on the piston engaging a hub on the cylinder, means for lubricating the contacting hubs, the disk and piston formed with opposite rows of oppositely inclined ports adapted to register at times at adjacent ends, and means of exhaust from the cylinder.

12. A turbine engine, comprising a pres sure chamber, one wall of said chamber formed of a disk, a hub on the disk, a valve pivoted on the hub and fitting the face of the disk, a cylinder mounted on the disk, a shaft journaled 1n the cylinder and disk, a piston on said shaft within the cylinder, said piston and cylinder formed with contacting hubs, said disk and piston formed with opposite rows of ports, the ports in one row in the disk inclined opposite to the ports in the other row in the disk, the ports in one row in the piston inclined opposite the ports of the other row in the piston, adjacent or opposite rows in the disk and piston inclined oppositely, the 1 valve formed with ports inclined alike with the ports in the disk and adapted to register therewith at times, a reach arm pivoted to said valve and extending outside the chamber, a lever iulcrumed on the chamber and attached to said reach arm, and means of exhaust from said cylinder.

13. In a turbine engine, a disk formed with concentric rows of oppositely inclined ports each port circular in cross-section, a valve pivoted on and fitting one face of said disk, said valve formed with concentric rows of ports each circular in cross-section and inclined to the direction of and opposite the ports in the disk, means for limiting movement of the valve relative to the disk, a reach rod pivoted to the valve, a lever pivoted to the reach rod and means for latching said lever in different positions.

14. In a tur ine engine, a disk formed with concentric rows of oppositely inclined ports, a valve pivoted on and fitting one face of said disk, said valve formed with concentrio rows of ports opposite the rows of port. in the disk and inclined alike therewith, said valve also formed with additional ports adapted to register with some of the ports in the disk at times, and means for adjusting said valve rotatively on said disk.

15. A turbine engine, comprising a cylin der, :1, piston mounted for rotation therein and formed with advance ports and reverse ports, a disk facing said piston and formed with advance ports and reverse ports, and a valve facing said disk and adapted for adjustment to cover and uncover ports of the disk, said valve formed with full-use advance ports, reduced-use advance ports and reverse ports.

16. A turbine engine, comprising a cylinder, a piston mounted for rotation therein, said piston formed with ports, said ports circular in cross-section and of uniform diameter throughout the major portions of their lengths and enlarged at one end only in one direction, a disk facing said piston and formed with ports of less diameter and adapted to register at times with the ports in the piston, means for suplying motive fluid to said disk and means of exhaust from said cylinder.

17. In a turbine engine, a pressure chamber, disks forming end walls of said chamber, each disk formed with a hub, a tube screwed on said hubs, cylinders fixed to said disk, a shaft journaled in said disks and cylinders, pistons on said shaft within the cylinders, the tube surrounding and spaced from said shaft, an oil pipe leading through the pressure chamber and communicating with said tube, c

means for supplying motive fluid to the chamber, means of exhaust from the cylinders, and communicating ports in the disks and pistons.

18. In a turbine, a piston, inclined ports in said piston and lining tubes in said ports.

Win a turbine engine, a circular piston, an annular row of i'nclined"ports in said piston, said ports enlarged in one direct-ion at one end, and lining tubesiin said ports.

20. In a turbine engine, a circular piston formed with a row of inclined ports, each port circular in cross-section throughout a major portion. of its length and enlarged in one direction only at one end. I

2]. In a turbine engine, a circular piston formed with an annular row of inclined ports, each port circular in eross-sectioi'i throughout a major portion of its length and enlarged in one direction only at one end, and lining tubes in said ports, said lining tubes also enlarged in one direction only at one end.

22. In a turbine engine, a circular piston formed with concentric annular rows of inclined ports, each port circular in cross-section throughout a major portion of its length and enlarged in one direction only at one end, the ports in one row inclined opposite the ports in the other row, and lining tubes in and conforming in shape to said ports.

Signed by me at Des Moines, .lowa, this 10th day of August, 1

908. JOHN ll. BOM'IIIO. \Vitnesses S. (l. SWEET, ERLE W. MILLER. 

